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fls - List file and directory names in a disk image.
fls [-adDFlpruvV]
[-m mnt ] [-z zone ] [-f fstype ] [-s seconds ] [-i imgtype ] [-o imgoffset
] image [images] [ inode ]
fls lists the files and directory
names in the image and can display file names of recently deleted files
for the directory using the given inode. If the inode argument is not given,
2 is used.
The arguments are as follows:
- -a
- Display the "." and ".." directory
entries (by default it does not)
- -d
- Display deleted entries only
- -D
- Display
directory entries only
- -f fstype
- The type of file system. Use ’-f list’ to
list the supported file system types. If not given, autodetection methods
are used.
- -F
- Display file (all non-directory) entries only.
- -l
- Display file
details in long format. The following contents are displayed:
file_type
inode file_name mod_time acc_time cre_time size uid gid
- -m mnt
- Display files
in time machine format so that a timeline can be created with mactime(1)
.
The string given as mnt will be prepended to the file names as the mounting
point (for example /usr).
- -p
- Display the full path for each entry. By default
it denotes the directory depth on recursive runs with a ’+’ sign.
- -r
- Recursively
display directories. This will not follow deleted directories, because
it can’t.
- -s seconds
- The time skew of the original system in seconds. For
example, if the original system was 100 seconds slow, this value would
be -100. This is only used if -l or -m are given.
- -i imgtype
- Identify the type
of image file, such as raw or split. Use ’-i list’ to list the supported types.
If not given, autodetection methods are used.
- -o imgoffset
- The sector offset
where the file system starts in the image. Non-512 byte sectors can be specified
using ’@’ (32@2048).
- -u
- Display undeleted entries only
- -v
- Verbose output to stderr.
- -V
- Display version.
- -z zone
- The ASCII string of the time zone of the original
system. For example, EST or GMT. These strings must be defined by your
operating system and may vary.
- image [images]
- One (or more if split) disk
or partition images whose format is given with ’-i’.
Once the inode has been
determined, the file can be recovered using icat(1)
from The Coroners Toolkit.
The amount of information recovered from deleted file entries varies depending
on the system. For example, on Linux, a recently deleted file can be easily
recovered, while in Solaris not even the inode can be determined. If you
just want to find what file name belongs to an inode, it is easier to use
ffind(1)
.
To get a list of all files and directories in an image
use:
# fls -r image 2
or just:
# fls -r image
To get the full path of deleted files in a given directory:
# fls -d
-p image 29
To get the mactime output do:
# fls -m /usr/local image 2
If you have a disk image and the file system starts in sector 63, use:
# fls -o 63 disk-img.dd
If you have a disk image that is split use:
# fls -i "split" -o 63 disk-1.dd
disk-2.dd disk-3.dd
ffind(1)
, icat(1)
Brian Carrier <carrier at sleuthkit
dot org>
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