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fls - List file and directory names in a disk image.
fls [-adDFlpruvV]
[-m mnt ] [-z zone ] [-f fstype ] [-s seconds ] [-i imgtype ] [-o imgoffset
] image [images] [ inode ]
fls lists the files and directory
names in the image and can display file names of recently deleted files
for the directory using the given inode. If the inode argument is not given,
the inode value for the root directory is used. For example, on an NTFS
file system it would be 5 and on a Ext3 file system it would be 2.
The
arguments are as follows:
- -a
- Display the "." and ".." directory entries (by
default it does not)
- -d
- Display deleted entries only
- -D
- Display directory entries
only
- -f fstype
- The type of file system. Use ’-f list’ to list the supported
file system types. If not given, autodetection methods are used.
- -F
- Display
file (all non-directory) entries only.
- -l
- Display file details in long format.
The following contents are displayed:
file_type inode file_name mod_time
acc_time chg_time cre_time size uid gid
- -m mnt
- Display files in time machine
format so that a timeline can be gid created with mactime(1)
.
The string given as mnt will be prepended to the file names as the mounting
point (for example /usr).
- -p
- Display the full path for each entry. By default
it denotes the directory depth on recursive runs with a ’+’ sign.
- -r
- Recursively
display directories. This will not follow deleted directories, because
it can’t.
- -s seconds
- The time skew of the original system in seconds. For
example, if the original system was 100 seconds slow, this value would
be -100. This is only used if -l or -m are given.
- -i imgtype
- Identify the type
of image file, such as raw or split. Use ’-i list’ to list the supported types.
If not given, autodetection methods are used.
- -o imgoffset
- The sector offset
where the file system starts in the image. Non-512 byte sectors can be specified
using ’@’ (32@2048).
- -u
- Display undeleted entries only
- -v
- Verbose output to stderr.
- -V
- Display version.
- -z zone
- The ASCII string of the time zone of the original
system. For example, EST or GMT. These strings must be defined by your
operating system and may vary.
- image [images]
- One (or more if split) disk
or partition images whose format is given with ’-i’.
Once the inode has been
determined, the file can be recovered using icat(1)
from The Coroners Toolkit.
The amount of information recovered from deleted file entries varies depending
on the system. For example, on Linux, a recently deleted file can be easily
recovered, while in Solaris not even the inode can be determined. If you
just want to find what file name belongs to an inode, it is easier to use
ffind(1)
.
To get a list of all files and directories in an image
use:
# fls -r image 2
or just (if no inode is specified, the root directory inode is used):
# fls -r image
To get the full path of deleted files in a given directory:
# fls -d
-p image 29
To get the mactime output do:
# fls -m /usr/local image 2
If you have a disk image and the file system starts in sector 63, use:
# fls -o 63 disk-img.dd
If you have a disk image that is split use:
# fls -i "split" -o 63 disk-1.dd
disk-2.dd disk-3.dd
ffind(1)
, icat(1)
Brian Carrier <carrier at sleuthkit
dot org>
Send documentation updates to <doc-updates at sleuthkit dot org>
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